Jesmond Dene

Jesmond Dene, a public park in the east end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, occupies the narrow steep-sided valley of a small river known as the Ouseburn, flowing south to join the River Tyne: in north-east England, such valleys are commonly known as denes. In fact the name 'Jesmond' means 'mouth of the Ouseburn'.Lord Armstrong and his wife, of the now-demolished Jesmond Dean (sic) house nearby, first laid out the park during the 1860s. The design is intended to reflect a rural setting, with woodland, crags, waterfalls and pools. Lord Armstrong gave the park to the people of Newcastle, and it is now owned by Newcastle City Council. The current Jesmond Dene House adjoining the dene was the mansion of Armstrong's business partner Andrew Noble. It is now a luxury hotel.The (now closed to road traffic) iron-constructed Armstrong Bridge spans the south end of the Dene and hosts an arts and crafts fair most Sunday mornings, weather permitting. Some of the stands have moved to the permanent Sunday market on the Newcastle Quayside. The building of a replacement road and tunnel, the Cradlewell By-pass, was the subject of a road protest camp around 1993, due to the destruction of many 200-year-old trees. (See also Cradlewell.)